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<a id="bm_id3156423"></a><meta itemprop="keywords" content="addressing, relative and absolute">
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<h1 id="hd_id3156423" dir="auto">
<a id="relativ_absolut_ref"></a>Direcciones y referencias, absolutas y relativas</h1>
<h2 id="hd_id191672069640769" dir="auto">Referencias a celdas</h2>
<p id="par_id451672069651941" class="paragraph" dir="auto">An individual cell is fully identified by the sheet it belongs, the column identifier (letter) located along the top of the columns and a row identifier (number) found along the left-hand side of the spreadsheet. On spreadsheets read from left to right, the complete reference for the upper left cell of the sheet is <span class="emph">Sheet.A1</span>.</p>
<h2 id="hd_id211672069771744" dir="auto">Intervalos de celdas</h2>
<p id="par_id161672070752816" class="paragraph" dir="auto">You can reference a set of cells by referencing them in ranges. Ranges can be a block of cells, entire set of columns and entire set of rows. The range A1:B2 is the first four cells in the upper left corner of the sheet. Range A:E contains all the cells of column A, B, C, D and E. Range 2:5 contains all the cells of row 2, 3, 4 and 5.</p>
<div class="embedded">
<a id="otherdocref"></a>
<p id="par_id5888241" class="listitem" dir="auto">The reference to a cell of another document contains the fully qualified name of the other document between single quotes <span class="literal">(')</span>, then a hash <span class="literal">#</span>, then the name of the sheet of the other document, followed by a period and the name or reference of the cell.</p>
<p id="par_id51672076541215" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Por ejemplo, <span id="swlnsystextscalcguidecellreferencesxml_1" class="switchinline"><span hidden="true" id="WINtextscalcguidecellreferencesxml_1" class="WIN">'file:///C:/Users/user/Documents/Lista de precios.ods'#$'Información SKU'.H51</span><span hidden="true" id="defaulttextscalcguidecellreferencesxml_1">'file:///home/user/Documents/Lista de precios.ods'#$'Información SKU'.H51</span></span>.</p>
<div class="note">
<div class="noteicon" dir="auto"><img src="media/icon-themes/res/helpimg/note.svg" alt="note" style="width:40px;height:40px;"></div>
<div class="notetext"><p id="par_id451672076939681" dir="auto">The path and document name URI <span class="emph">must always</span> be enclosed in single quotes. If the name contains single quotes (') they must be escaped using two single quotes (''). Only a sheet name may not be quoted if it does not contain a space or a character that would be an operator or the name would be pure numeric (for example, '123' must be quoted).</p></div>
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</div>
<div class="embedded">
<a id="referenceoperators"></a>
<h3 id="hd_id3153550" dir="auto">Operadores de referencia</h3>
<p id="par_id3149024" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Estos operadores devuelven un intervalo de cero, una o más celdas.</p>
<p id="par_id2324900" class="paragraph" dir="auto">El intervalo tiene la mayor precedencia, seguido de la intersección y, por último, la unión.</p>
<table border="1" class="" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th rowspan="" colspan="" class="tableheadcell" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3158416" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Operador</p>
</th>
<th rowspan="" colspan="" class="tableheadcell" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3152822" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Nombre</p>
</th>
<th rowspan="" colspan="" class="tableheadcell" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id521599494740206" class="tableheadintable" dir="auto">Ejemplo</p>
</th>
</tr>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3156257" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">:</p>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3153924" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">Intervalo</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3148432" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">A1:C108, A:D o 3:13</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3152592" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">!</p>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3150606" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">Intersección</p>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id3083445" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">SUMA(A1:B6!B5:C12)</p>
<p id="par_id3150385" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">En este ejemplo B5 y B6 están en la intersección y se calcula su suma.</p>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id4003723" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">~</p>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id838953" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">Concatenación o unión</p>
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<td rowspan="" colspan="" dir="auto">
<p id="par_id2511978" class="tablecontentintable" dir="auto">Takes two references and returns a reference list, which is a concatenation of the left reference followed by the right reference. Double entries are referenced twice.</p>
<p id="par_id961672071835372" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="input" data-tooltip="Pulse en el texto para copiarlo en el portapapeles">=COUNT(A1:B2~B2:C3)</span> counts values of A1:B2 and B2:C3. Note that the cell B2 is counted twice.</p>
<p id="par_id401672243346224" class="paragraphintable" dir="auto"><span class="input" data-tooltip="Pulse en el texto para copiarlo en el portapapeles">=INDEX(A1:B2~C1:D2;2;1;2)</span> selects cell C2, that is, the first cell of the second row, first column, of the second range (C1:D2) of the range list.</p>
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<br>
<div class="note">
<div class="noteicon" dir="auto"><img src="media/icon-themes/res/helpimg/note.svg" alt="note" style="width:40px;height:40px;"></div>
<div class="notetext"><p id="par_id181890" dir="auto">No se permiten las listas de referencias dentro de una expresión matricial.</p></div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<h2 id="hd_id3163712" dir="auto">Referencia relativa</h2>
<p id="par_id3146119" class="paragraph" dir="auto">A1 hace referencia a la celda en la columna A y fila 1. La referencia a un área contigua se consigue indicando la esquina superior izquierda del área, luego dos puntos y finalmente la celda inferior derecha del área. El área cuadrada de las primeras cuatro celdas en la esquina superior izquierda se llamaría de este modo A1:B2.</p>
<p id="par_id3154730" class="paragraph" dir="auto">En esta forma de referencia a un área, la referencia a A1:B2 será una referencia relativa. Relativa significa en este contexto que la referencia se ajusta al área al copiar las fórmulas.</p>
<h2 id="hd_id3149377" dir="auto">Referencia absoluta</h2>
<p id="par_id3154943" class="paragraph" dir="auto">En oposición a las referencias relativas existen las referencias absolutas que se escriben de la siguiente forma: $A$1:$B$2. Delante de cada dato usado como absoluto deberá figurar el signo del dólar.</p>
<a id="abs_rel_types"></a>
<div class="tip">
<div class="noteicon" dir="auto"><img src="media/icon-themes/res/helpimg/tip.svg" alt="tip" style="width:40px;height:40px;"></div>
<div class="notetext"><p id="par_id3147338" dir="auto">LibreOffice can convert the current reference, in which the cursor is positioned in the input line, from relative to absolute and vice versa by pressing <span class="keycode">F4</span>. If you start with a relative address such as A1, the first time you press this key combination, both row and column are set to absolute references ($A$1). The second time, only the row (A$1), and the third time, only the column ($A1). If you press the key combination once more, both column and row references are switched back to relative (A1)</p></div>
</div>
<br>
<p id="par_id3153963" class="paragraph" dir="auto">LibreOffice Calc le muestra de manera esquemática las referencias a una fórmula. Si pulsa p.ej. en una celda sobre la fórmula =SUMA(A1:C5;D15:D24), ambas áreas referenciadas se destacarán en color. La parte de la fórmula «A1:C5» puede, p. ej., aparecer en azul, y el intervalo de celdas referenciado en el mismo tono de azul. La siguiente parte de la fórmula, «D15:D24» puede aparecer marcada de forma semejante en rojo.</p>
<h2 id="hd_id3154704" dir="auto">¿Cuándo usar referencias relativas y cuándo absolutas?</h2>
<p id="par_id3147346" class="paragraph" dir="auto">¿Cómo se distingue una referencia relativa? Supongamos que desea calcular en la celda E1 la suma de las celdas en el área A1:B2. La fórmula que debe introducir en E1 debe ser: =SUMA(A1:B2). Si más tarde decide insertar una columna nueva delante de la columna A, los elementos que quiere sumar aparecerán entonces en B1:C2 y la fórmula en F1, en lugar de en E1. Por consiguiente, tras insertar la nueva columna, debería comprobar y corregir todas las fórmulas de la hoja, y posiblemente en otras hojas.</p>
<p id="par_id3155335" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Afortunadamente, LibreOffice se encarga de ello. Después de insertar una nueva columna A, la fórmula =SUMA(A1:B2) se actualiza a =SUMA(B1:C2) de forma automática. Los números de fila también se ajustan automáticamente al insertar una nueva fila 1. Las referencias absolutas y relativas se ajustan en LibreOffice Calc siempre que se desplaza el área a la que se hace referencia. Tenga cuidado, no obstante, al copiar una fórmula, ya que en ese caso únicamente se ajustan las referencias relativas, no las absolutas.</p>
<p id="par_id3145791" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Las referencias absolutas se utilizan cuando un cálculo hace referencia a una celda específica de la hoja. Si una fórmula que hace referencia precisamente a esa celda se copia a una celda situada más abajo que la original, la referencia se desplazará hacia abajo si no se han definido las coordenadas como absolutas.</p>
<p id="par_id3147005" class="paragraph" dir="auto">Aparte de con la inserción de nuevas filas y columnas, las referencias también pueden cambiar si una fórmula que hace referencia a celdas específicas se copia en otra área de la hoja. Suponiendo que ha introducido la fórmula =SUMA(A1:A9) en la fila 10, si desea calcular la suma de la columna adyacente a la derecha, solo tiene que copiar esta fórmula en la celda de la derecha. La copia de la fórmula en la columna B se ajustará automáticamente para obtener =SUMA(B1:B9).</p>
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<p class="related" itemprop="mentions" dir="auto"><a id="related"></a><span class="emph">Temas relacionados</span></p>
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<div class="embedded"><p class="embedded" dir="auto"><a target="_top" href="es/text/scalc/guide/value_with_name.html">Dar nombre a celdas</a></p></div>
<div class="embedded"><p class="embedded" dir="auto"><a target="_top" href="es/text/scalc/guide/address_auto.html">Reconocer un nombre como referencia</a></p></div>
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